Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer

Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract Title: Importance of Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) Process for the Nursing and Health Care Including Mental Health Projects towards Sustainable Development

Biography: Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer studied Environmental Science and Engineering with Specialization in Environmental Biomedical Science and Engineering (EBMSE) at the Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad, India and post graduated as Master of Technology, M.Tech., in 1998. He received his Ph.D. degree in Environmental Science and Engineering in 2003 at the same institution. He has served in Indian Council of Agricultural Research (I.C.A.R.) with effect from 22.05.1985 (FN) to 10.02.1998 (FN). After ten years of postdoctoral research, he obtained the position of Professor at the Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Harar , Ethiopia , East Africa . He has more than 45 years’ experience in Research, Academics, Industry, Field Work, Consultancy Services, Training and Extension, Government, Educational and Private Organizations. He has published more than 450 research articles in Science Citation Index Expanded SCI(E) journals and conference proceedings. His h.index 62 . Total number of having more than 5000 citations in his credit. He is a participant for the 6 th World Nursing and Healthcare Congress Ibis Styles Barcelona Sant Joan Despi, Carrer de la TV3, 2, 08970 Sant Joan Despì, Barcelona, Spain during June 23-24, 2025

Research Interest: Importance of Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) Process for the Nursing and Health Care Including Mental Health Projects towards Sustainable Development Sustainable nursing and health care development can be defined as the development which meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability and efficiency of future generations to meet their own needs. Iimportance of Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) Process has been presented for the Nursing and Health Care Including Mental Health Projects towards Sustainable Development. Certain projects should be conducted for EHIA Process. EHIA included ppsychological health impact assessment (PHIA) process as it has been conducted for a double roller cotton ginning plants in India. Nursing new technological project planning and decision-making process should include the integrated considerations of technical or nursing, economic, environmental, social and other factors. The most important of these considerations can be referred to as “ the three Es”(engineering or scientific or technical or nursing, economics, and environment) in planning and decision-making process. Technical or nursing and economic factors dominated the decision- making of economic policy act. Technical or nursing, economic and environmental factors dominated the psychological decision- making process of environmental policy act. Three of the most significant terms of environmental policy act are “environmental inventory”, “environmental impact assessment” and “environmental impact statement” or “description of the affected environment”, or “description of the environmental setting without the project”. The environmental policy act is to encourage the consideration of environment in planning and decision-making process and to arrive at actions which are more environmentally compatible. In this Environmental Biomedical Science and Engineering (EBMSE) research note, environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) process is proposed for the Indian chromium leather tanneries towards sustainable development as Indian cotton double roller (DR) ginning industries are using chrome composite leather clad (CCLC) rollers to address psychological impacts. “Environmental Health Impact Assessment Process “(EHIA process) can be defined as the systematic identification and evaluation of the potential environmental health impacts (health effects) of proposed nursing projects, plans, programs, or legislative actions relative to the physical-chemical, biological, cultural, and socioeconomic components of the total environmental health including EBMSE. The objective is to conduct Environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) process and nursing science that is to systematically identify and evaluate potential environmental health impacts of CCLC rollers used in Indian CCLC double roller (DR) ginning industries with relative to the physical -chemical and biological can be referred as entitled “natural or biophysical environment” and the cultural and socioeconomic environment represents entitled “man-made environmental components” of the total environment. Most of the cotton ginning operations are performed by using DR ginning machines which serve an important role in the Indian cotton ginning industries. The rollers used are made of CCLC covering fixed to a shaft. The CCLC contains about 18,000 to 36,000 mg/kg (ppm) (1.8 %-3.6%) of chromium particles. The chromium stabilizes the CCLC by cross linking the collagen fibres in chromium leather tanning industries. Chromium salts, especially chrome alum and chromium (III) sulfate are used in chromium-tanning of leather. The EBMSE research is conducted to investigate specifically on chromium (III) and Chromium (VI) and health effects of the workers. Chromium tanned leather contains between 3 to 5% of chromium, which is tightly bound to the proteins. For certain types of projects, such as nuclear power plants, it may be necessary to address psychological impacts on nearby residents as per reference entitled “Can Change Damage Your Mental Health?” Nature, Volume 295, January 21, 1982, pp.177-179 for the necessity to address psychological impacts on nearby residents and reference entitled “An Environmental Health Impact Assessment (EHIA) process” published by World Health Organization (WHO) titled ‘Health and Safety component of Environmental Impact Assessment ‘from WHO publication, Copenhagen in 1987”. The form of chromium used for tanning is toxic hexavalent variety, the management of chromium in the tanning industry such as recovery and reuses, direct / indirect recycling, use of less chromium or ‘chrome-less tanning is need to be practiced to better manage chromium in tanning with respect to nursing sector. Chromium salts or chromates in contact with skin, lungs and stomach result in dermatitis and lung and esophagus cancer and brain tumor among Indian gin and textile mill workers and the working condition of Indian chromium leather tanning industries and leather related facilities. The chemicals that are employed chemicals in leather industries are hazardous and need to be free from hazardous nature that is green chemistry. Based environmental health impact assessment (EHIA) results and realizing the importance of green chemistry and working condition in Indian tannery and chrome leather related facilities should be sustainable for the environmental development of our country. Brief or occasional contact may not pose a problem. Potassium dichromate is a chromium salt or chromate and is a common metal making up a significant part of the earth’s crust. The most common home exposure of chromate is leather. As per the EBMSE research, the majority of leather goods, including shoes and gloves, are tanned with chromates. It is necessary to avoid chromate tanned leather gloves, and leather shoes. Vegetable tanned leather and eco-friendly gloves and shoes or plastic shoes and Oak Bark -Tanning in the traditional manner is recommended compare to chromate tanned leather. The main EBMSE investigation is adverse health conditions of the workers and local environment that being polluted by toxic hexavalent and trivalent chromium and still being employed in Indian leather industries. For those with shoe dermatitis from chromate and leather, wearing heavy socks or reducing perspiration and moisture may help to reduce dermatitis. The amount of chromium found in all skin layers due to chromium permeation through human skins in diffusion cells. In ginning factories, when the seed-cotton is processed in DR ginning machine, the lint cotton is contaminated with hexavalent and trivalent chromium dust of about 140 to 1990 mg/kg (ppm) , Cr (VI) and Cr(III) which is carcinogenic substance against the safe limits of 0.1 ppm (Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer, 2018). Ion chromatographic method and atomic absorption spectrometry method are employed for determining chromium content in all samples and Chromium (VI) found more with increased total chromium concentration in samples due to increasing level of application of potassium dichromate and is found cancer among all skin dermatitis workers. The percentage of chromium found during the cotton ginning process due to persistent rubbing of CCLC over stationary knife the chromium particles are adsorbed into lint cotton such that the spun yarns and woven fabrics get contaminated about 100 to 200 ppm which according to eco standards should not be more than 0.1 ppm. The CCLC rollers used in cotton roller ginning machines get powdered during the ginning process. As chromium is a specific dust, gin and mill workers and residents are directly exposed to this carcinogenic substance and are vulnerable to environmental health hazards. To offset this problem, pollution-free eco-friendly washers/rollers both for laboratory and commercial studies have been fabricated and experimented. Biomedical research attempts are made to alternate dust producing grinding CCLC ginneries (Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer, 2018). Environmental health inventory (EHI) serves as the basis for evaluating the potential environmental health impacts both beneficial and adverse of a proposed action. Environmental health impact statement (EHIS) describes the affected environmental health or environmental health setting without the project. Green Design and development of the EHI is an initial step in the EHIA process. It is concluded that EHIA process as nursing science is conducted for certain projects, plans, programs, legislative actions, policies in the project planning and decision-making process. As the EBMSE research has over looked in to the chemicals that leather tanneries use in the past and present specifically in chromium and public health and occupational health hazards , sustainable policy measures should be needed to control environmental pollution and contamination in source specific, generic and industrial specific Indian leather tannery environment(Vijayan Gurumurthy Iyer, 2018).